Southern maize rust is a kind of fungal disease caused by multi-stalk rust. The pathogenic bacteria mainly overwintered in the annual planting area of maize in southern China. In summer, they spread from south to north with summer spores, mainly affecting leaves and leaf sheaths. The optimum temperature was 24-28 ℃, and the epidemic was rapid when the relative humidity in the field was high. In recent years, the southern maize rust disease showed a trend of expanding the occurrence range and aggravating the harm degree. It is predicted that this year, the southern corn rust disease in the Huang-Huai-hai corn main producing areas to occur, the country is expected to occur in an area of 80 million mu, the peak period of the epidemic is mid-August to late September, a serious threat to the safety of corn production. In order to strengthen the prevention and control of southern maize rust disease, this opinion is formulated.
1. prevention and control strategies
It is necessary to adhere to the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control", strengthen healthy cultivation and field management, aim at preserving functional leaves, promoting grouting and maintaining yield, seize the key window period from the trumpet opening to the spinning period, and combine the "one spray and more promotion" of autumn grain crops to choose the road agent for prevention and control in time.
2. Prevention and control technology
(1)Scientific selection of drug control.According to the list of recommended drugs for emergency prevention and control of southern corn rust disease, at the early stage of the onset of the disease, the use of pyrazoletin, pyrazoletin · pentazolol, pyrazoletin · flucyclozole · pentazolol, pyrazoletin · Flucyclozole · pentazolol, propionazole · Pyridoxil, chloroflururazole · Pyrazoletin, xime · pentazolol and other agents should be foliar spray in accordance with the recommended dosage on the label. According to the severity of the disease, climate factors, every 7-10 days to apply medicine again. During application, immunoinducers such as amino-oligosaccharide or plant growth regulators such as brassinolide, triaconol, thiazenon, brassinolide, aminoxide and chlorin iron can be added to promote the recovery of maize plant growth and improve the ability of resistance to disease, bedding and stress.
(2)Safe and efficient application.Reasonable selection of application equipment, plant protection unmanned aircraft and other aviation plant protection equipment spraying operation, operation environmental wind speed should be less than 3, mu of spray liquid 1.5-3 liters, and add plant oil, silicone and polymer sedimentation agent, anti-evaporation agent and other suitable flight prevention additives in the liquid, according to the plant height and planting density adjust the spray amount. Make sure the whole plant is evenly sprayed. Application time try to avoid the noon high temperature period, choose before 9 am or after 4 PM, in case of wind greater than 3 or more or rainy weather, should stop the application. Operators should wear necessary protective equipment, avoid the spray downwind position, do not walk through the application area, do not smoke and eat during operation.
3. Prevention and control requirements
(1)Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities.Fully understand the important role of prevention and control of southern corn rust disease in ensuring stable corn harvest, effectively implement the "government-led, regionally responsible" prevention and control mechanism, focus on prevention, early treatment, strengthen organizational leadership, refine prevention and control measures, and ensure effective and orderly prevention and control work.
(2) Strengthening unified defense and governance.In combination with the "one spray more promotion" of autumn grain crops, through the purchase of services and other ways, give full play to the role of various professional and social service organizations, vigorously promote unified application and spray prevention operations, and effectively improve the timeliness, organization and scientific level of southern corn rust prevention and control.
(3)Strengthen guidance services.Plant protection agencies at all levels should strengthen monitoring and investigation, clarify the harm of southern corn rust disease, refine technical measures, highlight the good selection of drugs and drug use, carry out guidance services in the key period, and ensure that the prevention and control technical measures are implemented to the field.
(4)Strengthen publicity and guidance.Make full use of media platforms such as television, radio, newspapers, networks and wechat public accounts, as well as various forms such as the distribution of white paper, technical training and field observation, to widely publicize the seriousness of the harm of southern maize rust disease and the necessity of prevention and control, popularize the knowledge and skills of disease prevention and control, and improve the enthusiasm and initiative of farmers in prevention and control.
